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简介1.跪求翻译大神帮忙，英文文献综述介绍目的论，不求能翻译完，重点词汇就好2.英文文献综述3.怎样写好英语专业的文献综述4.中西思维差异的英文文献综述专科论文：英文谚语常用修辞手法赏析与注重同义词运用的汉语谚语相比，英语谚语更注重的是词的重复。如： Let bygones be bygones．过去的就让它过去吧。 Everybody’s business is nobody’s business．

1.跪求翻译大神帮忙，英文文献综述介绍目的论，不求能翻译完，重点词汇就好

2.英文文献综述

3.怎样写好英语专业的文献综述

4.中西思维差异的英文文献综述

文献综述范文模板英文_文献综述范文模板例文英语

专科论文：英文谚语常用修辞手法赏析

与注重同义词运用的汉语谚语相比，英语谚语更注重的是词的重复。如：

Let bygones be bygones．过去的就让它过去吧。

Everybody’s business is nobody’s business．三个和尚没水吃。

Such carpenters，such chips．什么木匠出什么活。

Grasp all，lose all．样样都要，全部失掉。

随着实践活动的增加和生活经验的积累，人们越来越多地认识到客观世界中存在着矛盾、对立的事物和

现象，如真与、美与丑、善与恶等。这些相对的事物和现象在英语谚语中也得以体现，那就是大量使

用数词、反义词等，形成鲜明的对比。如：

It takes two to make aquarrel．一个巴掌拍不响。

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush．一鸟在手胜于二鸟在林。

Great talkers are little doers．多言者必少行。

What soberness conceals，drunkenness reveals．酒后吐真言。

5个滑稽的英语谚语！

学习英语语法及词汇已经不容易，要试着理解英语俚语更有点不可思议。一些俚语很难理解，一些更似乎不知所云。以下就有五条有趣的英语俚语你可以在日常生活中使用。只要小心正确使用就行！ “I’m hy as a clam.”想一想蛤蛎。这和其他事物没任何关系啊。它们只是躺在沙滩或在海滩无所事事。它们可不需要工作。当然听起来很高兴，不是吗？如果有人问，“你今天怎么样？”你就可以这么回答他们，告诉他们你的心情有多舒畅。 “I wouldn’t touch that (or him/her) with a ten-foot pole.”不喜欢某物吗？可能是垃圾或是发臭的食物那样恶心的东西。又或是你不想交朋友甚至不想多聊的某个人呢？呣，你非常的不喜欢某事物或某人，不想接触甚至不想*近他们－就算是十英尺以外也不行！ “I think I went overboard.”如果你做事做过火了或是不够负责任的话，你就可以这么说。“Going overboard”字面上的意思从船上掉下来，但是，作为俚语的话，这是一种承认自己做了不该做的事的表达方式。除此之外，类似的还有，“I’ve stepped over a line” 和“I’ve gone too far.”你还可以使用它来表示某人犯了个错误。 “You don’t he a leg to stand on.”不不，这可不是告诉你某人没有腿。意思是他们争论的意见不对。他们没有站立的腿是因为他们没有支持他们论点的事实。这个俚语是告诉某人他们不对的好方法。 “Break a leg!”真正的意思正好和字面上的相反。如果你对某人说此话时，意思是在祝福他们好运！这个俚语来自于一个迷信之说，无论你大声说出什么，真实的结果都会和说的相反。因为出处于剧院，这一说法通常用来祝福某些表现出色。因此如果有人要作商务演示或是面试的话，你这么说别人听了就一定很开心。

跪求翻译大神帮忙，英文文献综述介绍目的论，不求能翻译完，重点词汇就好

Hing read the novel Gone With The Wind written by American writer Margaret Mitchell,I was deeply shocked. The novel, which Margaret spent about 10 years on, not only created a myth,but also show her own personal charm to the world. Novel's underground is based on the Civil War which hened in the United States, according to the changes of the Civil War starts the circumstances, so it has divided the macro history into micro history of personal experience. We can realise that misty thinking of Margaret through characters changes of people.

Heroine Scarlett is a simple but very complex figure. On the surface she has kinds of good quality,quiet, good-hearted, full of ability like her mother Aland, but the vast majority of cases, the restless temperamenrd to her behior. Contacting her at first, I thought that she is just a beautiful, stubborn and proud princess. She 's so beautiful that almost all the young men in the book are tempated by her. She seems to he become accustomed to dealing within these young men, like a cold hot fire but locked of love to blame, which almost makes many men crazy. She has strong crings in all the good things, and she wants to take away all the boy's

Such blatant selfishness seems exaggerated. But her exaggerated and performance doesn't work on Rhett Butler and Ashley Wilkes, and makes a completely different effects. Scarlett can't grasp the heart of Ashley Wilkes, who is out of her control. To my surprise, she produced some mystical love toward him. But to nigmatic Rhett Butler,she gain the feeling of hate. These two feelings, as the main theme of the novels from beginning to end.hearts around her, even her older sister's valentine's .

Scarlett's hasty makes her pay a great price! In order to show that she is not “no buyer” to Ashley Wilkes, she get married with Charlesa Hamilton who she doesn't like. Soon after the war broke out, Charles die, Scarlett become a widow. At that time, she is just a willful child, consequences and responsibility don't seem to he relations to her. Due to her rebelious character,the “moral standard” doesn't work on her, but keep widow life away from plain and boring. So she continues to show her own charm and still attracts a lot of men.

War has changed Scarlett, and it also enables me to a better understanding toward her. She kills the Northen soliders at the critical moment, and creats a causein extreme poverty. It all reflects her strong, courage, indomitable. In order to protect her families and industries, she had to get married with Frank Kennedy, which shows her spirit of sacrifice to us. Business established period, her unique wision of the economic, commercial talent, the spirit of daring to struggle, in fact , those advantages are very common of traditional women, but easily overlooked in the past time. Scarlett is a proud woman after all, she turn a blind eye to many beautiful things around her, such as Melanie Hamilton Wilkes' love, and Rhett Butler's care, not to mention the treasure! Instead, she constants to pursuit the Unreal misty love toward Ashley. When she grasps, Melanie Hamilton Wilkeshas been dead, Rhett Butler's love burst. But Scarlett is still so strong, it seems that nobody can see through her.

I am so deeply shocked by the indomitable spirit of Scarlett facing difficulites. But to attain her end by hook, I feel offensive. And I am so angry with her infatuation attitude to Ashley Wilkes. While the more care Rhett Butler give to Scarlett, the more joy I get. But at last, Rhett fell dispointment and left Scarlett, what a pity!

I think every one of us has her own desires, each person is serching for her own hniess . The desire will be a driving force for us, and the desire can improve the development of culture. Science and technology may also lead to crime and war. Though desires may he some bad effects on us, it very important. We will pursue our own hiness, although we there might be some difficulties and disputes, we should not give up our desire!

英文文献综述

Skopos theory

In twentieth Century 70, functionalist translation theory originated in germany. Itsdevelopment has gone through several stages.

The first stage: Katherina Les for the first time the functional category into translation criticism, will be the language function, linked text types and translation strategies, to the development of the relationship between the source text and the target functionbased model of translation criticism, thus put forward the rudiment of functionalist theory. Les thinks that the ideal translation should be comprehensive communicative translation, namely in the conceptual content, language forms and communicative functions are equivalent to the original, but the priority should be in practice is thefunctional characteristics of translation.

The second stage: Hans Vermeer (Vermeer) presented the skopos theory, thetranslation from the original center out of bound of theory of. The theory is that the original translation is based on a purpose and results of behior, this behior must be done through consultations; translation must follow a series of law, including objective law in the first place. That is to say, the purpose of translation depends on translation. In addition, the translation must follow the "coherence rule" and the"coherence rule". The former refers to the translation to the internal coherence in thetarget text receiver, it is understandable, the latter refers to the coherence between the translation and the original should. After the introduction of these three principles,evaluation criteria of translation is no longer "equivalence", but full of translation to achieve the desired objectives. Vermeer also proposed the ointment of the concept of translation, namely, the translator should be to decide whether, when, how to accomplish the task of translation. That is to say, the translator should according to different purposes of translation by the corresponding translation strategies, but also he the right to decide what the purpose of translation can keep the original text,what need to adjust or modify.

Fimmel thinks, the highest law in translation should be "objective law". That is to say,the purpose of translation, the translation strategies, methods are also different. In other words, the purpose of translation determines the translation strategies and methods. For Chinese and western translation history, the domestication andforeignization, peer discussion and nearly twenty or thirty years translation anddynamic equivalence, "Skopos Theory" he made a very good explanation.Translation is domestication or foreignization, depends on the purpose of translation.Due to the functional translation theory is to "objective principle" as the highest criterion, and any translation activity is purposeful, ultimate goal and main function of translation is to help people understand the main content of the movie, and stimulate the audience's desire. We therefore need to functional translation theory, especially the "Skopos Theory" school to do simple to understand.

The third stage: Justa Hotz Manta in reference communication and behior theory,put forward the translation behior theory, the further development of thefunctionalist translation theory, this theory will translate as by purpose drive, the interaction between people with translation results oriented. The theory and purpose of a lot in common, Vermeer was also the two fusion.

The fourth stage: Christina Nord comprehensive summary and improvement of the theory of functionalism. Internal and external factors of Christina Nord for the first time in English systematically expounds the text analysis in translation, and how to set upthe purpose of translation function on the basis of the original translation strategies.Christina Nord sent the doctrine of the functions carried out, and puts forward the principles guiding the translator should follow the principle of "function plus loyalty",so as to improve the theory.

怎样写好英语专业的文献综述

我正好看到一篇有关旅游景点名称；归化；异化；直译；音译；意译的文章，里面大概阐述了有关旅游景点翻译时注意的一些事项，你可以借鉴一下。：） ://language.chinadaily.cn/herewego/news_content.shtml?id=45 复制下摘要：摘要：旅游景点名称的翻译是旅游翻译的重要环节。但是由于景点名称所包含文化的多样性以及中英文之间的不对等性，使得在中文景点名称的英译过程中信息传递的不完全，存在有许多困难以及误区。本文分析了中文景点名称的特点，并对其进行分类；剖析了“归化”和“异化”这两种翻译策略的优缺点，并对现在用得较多的翻译方法：“音译”，“直译”和“意译”进行了比较、分析。从而对于旅游景点名称的翻译进行初步的探讨。再给你补充一些中英文的景点介绍，供你参考。 1.城隍庙的英文介绍稿： Chenghuang Miao Temple 城隍庙 The Temple of the Town Deity is located south of Yuyuan Gardan. There used to be a temple to the local deity, whick the inhabitants believed would protect them, in every city. The city deities were frequently real persons to whom the town owed something. Today, an arts aand crafts store is in the temple. 2.Yuyuan Garden 豫园 Yuyuan Garden is northeast of the Old Town. A high official had it designed in the Suzhou style as a private garden and built from 1559-- 1577. Later, it was restored several times. In spite of its relatively small area of two hectares it seems considerably larger due to the skillful arrangement of 30 different landscape scenes. The garden consists of an inner and an outer section. The inner garden, neiyuan, is in the southern part and substantially smaller than the outer one, but then, it is more impressive and romantic, if it is possible to visit it in the early moring hours in order to enjoy it alone. An excellent calligrapher displays his work in one of the halls. the outer part is in the north and contains numberous halls, pilions and lakes. In 1853, the Pilion of Spring in the northeast was the seat of the Xiaodao Hui, the Society of Little Swords, tho led an uprishing against Qing rule and occupied Shanghai for 17 months. Today, weapons and coins made by the Xiaodao Hui society, among other objects, are exhibited in this hall. A man-made, 11-m-high hill bounds the garden in the northwest. Huxin Ting teahouse is a forite with the citizens of Shanghai. It is in the southwest, outside of the garden grounds, a two-story building resting on posts in the middle of a pond and connected to the shore by a 'Zigzag Bridge' 3.张家界旅游景点介绍 ://.zjjtour.net/zhangjiajie01.htm 4.马鞍山景点英文介绍 Anhui Tour - Colorful Stones Rock (Caishiji) Anhui Tour - Colorful Stones Rock Rising precipitously beside the rolling Yangtze River seven kilometers southwest of Ma'anshan City, Anhui Province, this rock used to be called Bull Islet Rock (Niuzhuji) because a legendary gold bull is said to he eared here in ancient times. The present name was adopted during the period of the Three Kingdoms (220-280) because the area abounded in colorful stones. The rock occupies a position of strategic importance. Its scenery is dominated by pines, bamboos, and the steep cliffs of Cuiluo Hill. Caishiji is one of the three most famous such rocks along the banks of the Yangtze River, the other two are Chenglingji in Yueyang, and Yanziji in Nanjing. It was here that Li Bai wrote many immortal poems. There are such places of interest as Taibai Tower, the Memorial Hall to Li Bai, and the Tower to Catch the Moon. Add: Caishi Township, Ma'anshan, Anhui Anhui Tour - Tomb of Libai Lying at the foot of Mt. Qingshan southeast of Dangtu County, Ma'anshan, the Tomb of Li Bai (701-762), a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, covers an area of three hectares, in the shade of ancient pines and willow trees. Near the tomb there is a memorial hall named Taibai, which houses stone inscriptions of past dynasties and paintings and calligraphy by distinguished artists. Through the ages, numerous men of letters came to show their respect to Li Bai. Green Snail Hill (Cuiluoshan) This hill, which faces the Yangtze and the Niuzhu rivers seven kilometers southwest of the city, got its name because it is shaped like a snail. The huge Taibai Tower on the hill was dedicated to the memory of the famous Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai (701-762). It is said that after a drinking spree Li Bai plunged into the Yangtze in an attempt to catch the moon, only to drown. The terrace from which he leaped is called Catching the Moon Terrace (Zhuoyuetai). Fishermen fetched his cap and clothes from the river and buried them in a tomb on the hill. 石风景区以诗人李白为灵魂，以"翠螺出大江"的壮丽景观和锁溪河风光为载体，含翠螺山、荷包山、小九华和石镇、小黄洲在内的名胜。景区内的太白楼，四角飞翘，斗拱画梁，古色古香，与黄鹤楼、岳阳楼、腾王阁并称为“三楼一阁”。沿石级向上，有联璧台、燃犀亭、三元洞、三台阁、李白衣冠冢等，像一串串珍珠镶篏在翠螺山上下，五彩斑烂，美不胜收。人类和大自然的和谒，在这里得到充分的诠释。

希望纳

中西思维差异的英文文献综述

英语文献常用词及其缩写

　英文全称缩写中文

Abstracts Abstr. 文摘

Abbreviation 缩语和略语

Acta 学报

Advances 进展

Annals Anna. 纪事

Annual Annu. 年鉴，年度

Semi-Annual 半年度

Annual Review 年评

Appendix Appx 附录

Archives 文献集

Association Assn 协会

Author 作者

Bibliography 书目，题录

Biological Abstract BA 生物学文摘

Bulletin 通报，公告

Chemical Abstract CA 化学文摘

Citation Cit 引文，题录

Classification 分类，分类表

College Coll. 学会，学院

Compact Disc-Read Only Memory CD-ROM 只读光盘

Company Co. 公司

Content 目次

Co-term 配合词，共同词

Cross-references 相互参见

Digest 辑要，文摘

Directory 名录，指南

Dissertations Diss. 学位论文

Edition Ed. 版次

Editor Ed. 编者、编辑

Excerpta Medica EM 荷兰《医学文摘》

Encyclopedia 百科全书

The Engineering Index Ei 工程索引

Et al 等等

European Patent Convertion EPC 欧洲专利协定

Federation 联合会

Gazette 报，公报

Guide 指南

Handbook 手册

Heading 标题词

Illustration Illus. 插图

Index 索引

Cumulative Index 累积索引

Index Medicus IM 医学索引

Institute Inst. 学会、研究所

International Patent Classification IPC 国际专利分类法

International Standard Book Number ISBN 国际标准书号

International Standard Series Number ISSN 国际标准刊号

Journal J. 杂志、刊

Issue 期(次)

Keyword 关键词

Letter Let. 通讯、读者来信

List 目录、一览表

Manual 手册

Medical Literature Analysis and MADLARS 医学文献分析与检索系统

Retrieval System

Medical Subject Headings MeSH 医学主题词表

Note 札记

Papers 论文

Patent Cooperation Treaty PCT 国际专利合作条约

Precision Ratio 查准率

Press 出版社

Procceedings Proc. 会报、会议录

Progress 进展

Publication Publ. 出版物

Recall Ratio 查全率

Record 记录、记事

Report 报告、报导

Review 评论、综述

Sciences Abstracts SA 科学文摘

Section Sec. 部分、辑、分册

See also 参见

Selective Dissemination of Information SDI 定题服务

Seminars 专家讨论会文集

Series Ser. 丛书、辑

Society 学会

Source 来源、出处

Subheadings 副主题词

Stop term 禁用词

Subject 主题

Summary 提要

Supplement Suppl. 附刊、增刊

Survey 概览

Symposium Symp. 专题学术讨论会

Thesaurus 叙词表、词库

Title 篇名、刊名、题目

Topics 论题、主题

Transactions 汇报、汇刊

Volume Vol. 卷

World Intellectual Property Organization WIPO 世界知识产权

World Patent Index WPI 世界专利索引

Yearbook 年鉴

基础英语》参考文献

Cultural differences on the language of the impact of Abstract: simple analysis of the relationship between language and culture, cultural differences and compare the impact of the language, teaching English in the light of the present ignored the phenomenon of cultural differences on financial and cultural knowledge in English Teaching. 在语言教学中树立文化意识，从而提高教学效果，达到语言教学的真正目的。 In language teaching in a cultural awareness, so as to enhance effective teaching methods to achieve the real purpose of language teaching.

关键词：文化差异；英语 由于各民族所处的环境不同，从而产生迥然不同的文化。 Key words: cultural differences; English Because the environment in which all ethnic groups different, resulting in a very different culture. 中西文化是两种根本不同类型文化。 Chinese and Western cultures are two fundamentally different types of culture. 汉文化以人本为主体，其本质是一种典型的内倾性人本文化，表现在重人格，重道德，重创人。 Han culture to the people as the main body, its essence is a typical example of the dumping of human culture, and in the weight personality, hey moral, hit people. 西方文化则以物本为主体，以自然为本位，倾向于求外在表现，故重创物、重物理，更看重人怎样来创物。 Of the Western culture while for the main body and the natural-based, tend to seek external performance, the hit-and-physical, but also how to value a person of.

文化对语言的影响主要表现在以下几方面： The impact of culture on language mainly in the following aspects:

（一）价值观念 价值观念是文化的核心。 (1) values values are the core of culture. 西方人重个人价值，强调自我意识，为人处事言语行为无须别人认可，也不追求与人一致。 Westerners value of the individual, emphasis on self-awareness, people doing things others not authorized speech act, and not consistent with the pursuit. 而中国人群体意识强，独立意识较弱。 China's strong sense of groups, independent of the weaker. 西方人认为，当别人未求助时主动给予帮助是一种施舍行为，是对他能力的轻视，甚至是对他人格的侮辱。 Westerners think that when others did not take the initiative to seek help when help is a charity, for his ability to neglect, and even an insult to his personality. 有一次，一位外国老妇人到中国来旅游，提着一大袋行李，很吃力的样子，一个中国小伙子跑过去主动提供帮助，于是发生了下面的这个对话： Once, a foreign woman was to trel to China, carrying large bags of luggage, looks very difficult for a young man ran past China offered help, so this has the following dialogue:

B：Good morning, Can I help you? B: Good morning, Can I help you?

W：What? W: What?

B：Can I carry the case for you,Madam? B: Can I carry the case for you, Madam?

W：I think I can do it myself，thank you W: I think I can do it myself, thank you

老妇人毫不领情地走了，她认为这是对她的轻视。 Not to reciate the woman who has passed away, she considered that it is her neglect. 而在我们中国人看来，人与人之间的相互关照是人之常情,.是一种美德。 We in the eyes of Chinese people, the interaction between the people that care for them,. Is a virtue. 中国小伙子呆呆地站在那儿，百思不得其解。 China lads Aiaide stand there, and fail to see. 如果对中西文化稍有了解，或许不会发生那样的尴尬局面。 If you he some understanding of Chinese and Western cultures, may not hen, the embarrassing situation.

（二）社会心态 由于生活在不同的文化背景中，各民族人逐步形成了不同的思维方式和社会心态，即使对同一事物也往往有不同的好恶。 (B) social mentality because of living in different cultural backgrounds, people of all nationalities he gradually formed a different way of thinking and mentality of the community, even if the same things often he different likes and dislikes. 譬如对什么是禁忌，什么是隐私，东西方人表现出很大的差别。 For example, what is taboo and what is privacy, East Westerners demonstrated a great deal of difference. 英美人见面很少问及家庭情况，他们视年龄、收入、财产等为隐私。 Britain and the United States met with the family and asked a few, they are depending on age, income, property, etc. for privacy. 中国人则毫不忌讳谈论这些内容。 Chinese people are no taboo about them. 又如，西方人怕老、惧老的心理使他们忌讳使用old, aged等词。 Also, Westerners Palao, the old psychological fear that they use old taboo, aged words. 为此人们费尽心机地创造了许多称呼老人的新表达：the advanced in age(上了年纪的人)，the mature the longer living（生活经历长的人），美国有个永不老合唱团，译为“never young” 而不是“never old”等。 For this reason people scheming to create a lot of the elderly called the new expression: the advanced in age (the older), the mature the longer living (long life experience), the United States will never he a veteran chorus, translation "never young" rather than "never old." 如果我们的学生有这方面的知识，就不会在与老外的见面的时候说，“how old are you?” “What’s your salary?” 诸如此类难堪的问题。 If our students he the knowledge, they will not meet with foreigners when he, "how old are you?" "What's your salary?" Such embarrassing questions.

（三）交际方式 (3) Communication way

英国人见面打招呼的常用方式是谈论天气，如“lovely weather,isn’t it?”或“Hello”“Hi”“Good morning”等。 British common way of meeting notice is talking about the weather, such as the "lovely weather, isn't it?" Or "Hello," "Hi" and "Good morning". 在我国人们常用的寒暄语：“到哪儿去？”“吃饭了吗？”“最近忙什么？”若将这些话直译为英语“He you eaten?” “Where are you going?”“What are you busy with?”就不是打招呼语了，变成了期待对方回答的问题，譬如“He you eaten?”对方就会误认为你打算请他吃饭。 People commonly used in China's greeting: "Where?" "Eat?" "The recent busy?" If these words for the English translation of "He you eaten?" "Where are you going?" "What are you busy with? "is not greeted language, and is, looking forward to the other question to answer, such as" He you eaten? "will mistakenly believe that the other side you intend to invite him for dinner. 这些话只能在某些特定的场合使用，若作为招呼语滥用，有时就会伤害对方的感情。 These words can only use certain occasions, as if prodded language abuse, sometimes hurt each other's feelings. 在英美国家人们道别时说“Bye,drop in again.”等。 People in the country bid farewell to Britain and the United States, said "Bye, drop in again." Etc.. 若按中国人习惯就会说“go slowly”（慢走）“Take care.”（走好）之类的话。 According to the Chinese customs will say "go slowly" (walking), "Take care." (Appropriately take), such remarks. 英美人对此的反应很可能是：“Why should I go slowly? I am strong enough.”似乎中国人小看了他。 British and American people's response is likely to be: "Why should I go slowly? I am strong enough." Chinese people seem to read him small.

（四）语言的表达形式 语言的结构及使用在一定程度上受制于该民族的文化。 (4) language expression structure and the use of language to a certain extent, subject to the national culture. 汉语的词汇结构和修辞方法与汉文化密切相关，英语同样与英美文化、历史有着千丝万缕的联系。 Chinese vocabulary structure and rhetorical methods and Han culture is closely related to the same English and Anglo-American culture, history are inextricably linked. 譬如，英语句子中的修饰语可置于被修饰词前，亦可在其后，这与汉语不同。 For example, in the English sentence modifiers can be placed before the word being modified, or subsequently, and Chinese different. Big enough（足够大），something important（重要的事情）等，都是将修饰语置后，与汉语语序恰恰相反。 Big enough (big enough), something important (an important issue), which are home to modifiers, and Chinese Order of the contrary. 英语中时间、地点的排列顺序习惯从小到大，而汉语则从大到小，如at3:00pm.21st June, 2000（2000年六月二十一日下午三点） English in the time, place, the customary order from small to large, and the Chinese从大到小, such as at3: 00pm.21st June, 2000 (at 15:00 on June 21, 2000)

英语除了表达方式上的特殊性外，表达的意念有时也是独特的。 English apart from the particularity of expression, the expression of ideas sometimes unique. 英语常把事实与揣测、祈求、意愿等非事实区分开。 English often the facts and speculation, pray, aspirations, and other non-facts on the other. 常常用虚拟语气来表达一种愿望、设、怀疑、猜测、建议等，所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。 Virtual tone often used to express a wish, assumptions, dou, speculation, suggestions, the meaning of that is not an objective reality.

文化上的差异反应在语言和交际行为中，而是否理解和懂得这些文化差异、文化制约和交际规则则直接影响交际的成败。 Cultural differences in language and communication response behior, and whether understanding and understand these cultural differences, and cultural constraints and the rules of communication is a direct impact on the success or failure of communication. 因此，外语教学不仅仅是要求学生语法正确，还必须使他们了解所学语言国家的文化，使学生既掌握语言技能————听、说、读、写译等，又掌握交际能力，以适用不同社会的文化环境，避免文化错误的产生，从而成功地进行交际。 Therefore, foreign language teaching is not only require students to correct grammar, it is also essential that they understand the language of the national culture, so that students not only master the language skills - listening, speaking, reading and writing, such as translation, master communicative ability to ly different social and cultural environment and oid the formation of cultural errors, which successfully conducted Communication. 这样做的好处是：文化知识加深了学生对语言的了解，语言则赋予了文化内涵而更易于理解和掌握。 It has the advantage of: cultural knowledge deepened understanding of the language students, language empowers the cultural connotation and more easy to understand and grasp.

当前外语教学中普遍存在重外语技能、轻文化教育的问题，一些教师认为英语教学就是教单词、短语、讲授课文和做练习，大部分的学生经过好几年的英语学习，脑袋中装满了单词和短语，可惜无法说出一个完整的句子。 Foreign Language Teaching in the current widespread hey foreign language skills, cultural and educational light of the problem, some teachers think that teaching is the English words, phrases, teaching texts and do exercises, most of the students through the learning of English for a few years, in full head of the word and the phrase, unfortunately can not say a complete sentence. 或者当把课堂上所学的语言知识放在具体的文化环境中，屡犯错误不能顺利地达到交际的目的。 When the classroom or on the knowledge of the language on the specific cultural environment, mistakes can not be repeated successfully achieve the purpose of communication. 针对上述情况，作为一名英语教师，帮助学生在学习语言时提高对文化的敏感性，利用他们发自内心的想了解其他民族的兴趣和动力，从而提供了学习该民族的语言的基础。 In response to these developments, as an English teacher to help students in language learning, improve the cultural sensitivity, using them from the bottom of their hearts that the other nations would like to know the interest and motivation, thus providing learning the language of the national foundation

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